Aphasia Neuroplasticity Review

van Oers et al. (2010)

Reference

Authorsvan Oers CA, Vink M, van Zandvoort MJ, van der Worp HB, de Haan EH, Kappelle LJ, Ramsey NF, Dijkhuizen RM
TitleContribution of the left and right inferior frontal gyrus in recovery from aphasia: a functional MRI study in stroke patients with preserved hemodynamic responsiveness
ReferenceNeuroImage 2010; 49: 885-893
PMID19733673
DOI10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.057

Participants

LanguageDutch
Inclusion criteriaMCA; mRS < 3; able to perform at least 2 out of the 3 tasks
Number of individuals with aphasia13
Number of control participants13
Were any of the participants included in any previous studies?No
Is age reported for patients and controls, and matched?Yes (mean 53 ± 14 years, range 29-74 years)
Is sex reported for patients and controls, and matched?Yes (males: 4; females: 9)
Is handedness reported for patients and controls, and matched?No (right: 13; left: 0; not stated for controls)
Is time post stroke onset reported and appropriate to the study design?Yes (range 1.3-4.7 years)
To what extent is the nature of aphasia characterized?Comprehensive battery
Language evaluationAAT, BNT, TT
Aphasia severity4 moderate, 4 severe, 3 recovered, 2 mild; all had aphasia initially
Aphasia type5 anomic, 4 Broca's, 3 recovered, 1 Wernicke's
First stroke only?Yes
Stroke typeIschemic only
To what extent is the lesion distribution characterized?Individual lesions
Lesion extentRange 6.0-167.3 cc
Lesion locationL MCA
Participants notes

Imaging

ModalityfMRI
Is the study cross-sectional or longitudinal?Cross-sectional
If longitudinal, at what time point(s) were imaging data acquired?Behavioral data (TT and a naming measure) were also acquired subacutely (mean 26 ± 18 days, range 5-56 days)
If longitudinal, was there any intervention between the time points?
Is the scanner described?Yes (Philips Achieva 3 Tesla)
Is the timing of stimulus presentation and image acquisition clearly described and appropriate?Yes
Design typeBlock
Total images acquired3036
Are the imaging acquisition parameters, including coverage, adequately described and appropriate?Yes (whole brain)
Is preprocessing and intrasubject coregistration adequately described and appropriate?Yes
Is first level model fitting adequately described and appropriate?Yes
Is intersubject normalization adequately described and appropriate?Yes
Imaging notesbreath holding scan also done to measure hemodynamic responsiveness

Conditions

Are the conditions clearly described?Yes
ConditionResponse typeRepetitionsAll groups could do?All individuals could do?
written word-picture matchingButton press6YesYes
semantic decisionButton press6YesYes
verb generationWord (covert)8YesYes
visual decisionButton press12UnknownUnknown
restNone20N/AN/A
Conditions notesPatients who could not do tasks were excluded from analyses of those tasks (1 patient from semantic decision; 3 patients from verb generation); wording is somewhat unclear regarding exclusion of patients who could not perform verb generation, but we assume they were excluded

Contrasts

Are the contrasts clearly described?No (see specific limitation(s) below)

Contrast 1: written word-picture matching vs visual decision

Language conditionWritten word-picture matching
Control conditionVisual decision
Are the conditions matched for visual demands?No
Are the conditions matched for auditory demands?Yes
Are the conditions matched for motor demands?Yes
Are the conditions matched for cognitive/executive demands?No
Is accuracy matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notesAccuracy not reported for control condition
Are control data reported in this paper or another that is referenced?Yes
Does the contrast selectively activate plausible relevant language regions in the control group?Somewhat
Are activations lateralized in the control data?Somewhat
Control activation notes
Contrast notesNot clearly stated that language tasks were contrasted only with arrow decision task and not rest for the first two contrasts, but this can be inferred

Contrast 2: semantic decision vs visual decision

Language conditionSemantic decision
Control conditionVisual decision
Are the conditions matched for visual demands?No
Are the conditions matched for auditory demands?Yes
Are the conditions matched for motor demands?Yes
Are the conditions matched for cognitive/executive demands?No
Is accuracy matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notesAccuracy not reported for control condition
Are control data reported in this paper or another that is referenced?Yes
Does the contrast selectively activate plausible relevant language regions in the control group?Somewhat
Are activations lateralized in the control data?Somewhat
Control activation notes
Contrast notesNot clearly stated that language tasks were contrasted only with arrow decision task and not rest for the first two contrasts, but this can be inferred

Contrast 3: verb generation vs rest

Language conditionVerb generation
Control conditionRest
Are the conditions matched for visual demands?No
Are the conditions matched for auditory demands?Yes
Are the conditions matched for motor demands?Yes
Are the conditions matched for cognitive/executive demands?No
Is accuracy matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups?N/A, tasks not comparable
Is reaction time matched between the language and control tasks for all relevant groups?N/A, tasks not comparable
Behavioral data notes
Are control data reported in this paper or another that is referenced?Yes
Does the contrast selectively activate plausible relevant language regions in the control group?Somewhat
Are activations lateralized in the control data?Somewhat
Control activation notes
Contrast notes

Analyses

Are the analyses clearly described?No (see specific limitation(s) below)

ROI analysis 1

First level contrastWritten word-picture matching vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional aphasia vs control
Group(s)Aphasia vs control
Covariate
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notesAccuracy not reported for control condition
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeMixed
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
Findings↓ L IFG
↓ LI (language network)
↓ LI (frontal)
Findings notes

ROI analysis 2

First level contrastSemantic decision vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional aphasia vs control
Group(s)Aphasia vs control
Covariate
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notesAccuracy not reported for control condition
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeMixed
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
Findings↓ L IFG
↓ LI (language network)
↓ LI (frontal)
Findings notes

ROI analysis 3

First level contrastVerb generation vs rest
Analysis classCross-sectional aphasia vs control
Group(s)Aphasia vs control
Covariate
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeMixed
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
Findings↓ L IFG
↓ LI (language network)
↓ LI (frontal)
Findings notes

ROI analysis 4

First level contrastWritten word-picture matching vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariatePicture-word matching accuracy
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Accuracy is covariate
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeMixed
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 5

First level contrastSemantic decision vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateSemantic decision accuracy
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Accuracy is covariate
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeMixed
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 6

First level contrastWritten word-picture matching vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateOverall language measure
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeMixed
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 7

First level contrastSemantic decision vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateOverall language measure
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeMixed
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical detailsNot clear if it was LI for whole language network
Findings↑ LI (language network)
Findings notes

ROI analysis 8

First level contrastVerb generation vs rest
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateOverall language measure
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeMixed
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 9

First level contrastWritten word-picture matching vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateLesion volume
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?2
What are the ROI(s)?(1) R anterior language region (IFG); (2) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG)
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 10

First level contrastSemantic decision vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateLesion volume
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?2
What are the ROI(s)?(1) R anterior language region (IFG); (2) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG)
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 11

First level contrastVerb generation vs rest
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateLesion volume
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?2
What are the ROI(s)?(1) R anterior language region (IFG); (2) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG)
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 12

First level contrastWritten word-picture matching vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateDamage to L hemisphere language regions
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?2
What are the ROI(s)?(1) R anterior language region (IFG); (2) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG)
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 13

First level contrastSemantic decision vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateDamage to L hemisphere language regions
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?2
What are the ROI(s)?(1) R anterior language region (IFG); (2) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG)
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 14

First level contrastVerb generation vs rest
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariateDamage to L hemisphere language regions
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?Yes
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?2
What are the ROI(s)?(1) R anterior language region (IFG); (2) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG)
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 15

First level contrastWritten word-picture matching vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariatePrevious (current vs subacute) Δ naming
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?No (current activation will reflect not just prior recovery, but also current language function)
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 16

First level contrastSemantic decision vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariatePrevious (current vs subacute) Δ naming
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?No (current activation will reflect not just prior recovery, but also current language function)
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
Findings↑ L IFG
Findings notes

ROI analysis 17

First level contrastVerb generation vs rest
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariatePrevious (current vs subacute) Δ naming
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?No (current activation will reflect not just prior recovery, but also current language function)
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
Findings↑ L IFG
Findings notes

ROI analysis 18

First level contrastWritten word-picture matching vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariatePrevious (current vs subacute) Δ TT
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?No (current activation will reflect not just prior recovery, but also current language function; TT not optimal measure of overall language function)
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
FindingsNone
Findings notes

ROI analysis 19

First level contrastSemantic decision vs visual decision
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariatePrevious (current vs subacute) Δ TT
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?No (current activation will reflect not just prior recovery, but also current language function; TT not optimal measure of overall language function)
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
Findings↑ L IFG
↑ R IFG
Findings notes

ROI analysis 20

First level contrastVerb generation vs rest
Analysis classCross-sectional correlation with language or other measure
Group(s)Aphasia
CovariatePrevious (current vs subacute) Δ TT
Is the second level contrast valid in terms of the group(s), time point(s), and measures involved?No (current activation will reflect not just prior recovery, but also current language function; TT not optimal measure of overall language function)
Is accuracy matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Is reaction time matched across the second level contrast?Unknown, not reported
Behavioral data notes
Type of analysisRegions of interest (ROI)
ROI typeAnatomical
How many ROIs are there?7
What are the ROI(s)?(1) L anterior language region (IFG); (2) L posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (3) R anterior language region (IFG); (4) R posterior language region (AG, SMG, STG, MTG); (5) frontal LI; (6) temporal LI; (7) whole network LI
How are the ROI(s) defined?WFU pickatlas
Correction for multiple comparisonsNo correction
Statistical details
Findings↑ L IFG
↑ R IFG
Findings notes

Notes

Excluded analyses